Direct exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage unprotected eyes, as well as their surrounding structures. Prolonged, cumulative exposure to UV sunlight can increase the likelihood of skin cancer (particularly around the eyelids and brows), accelerate the formation of cataracts, and harm the retina. The damage can lead to impaired vision and even blindness.

Mark Kuperwasser, M.D., chief ophthalmologist at Hebrew Rehabilitation Center, suggests the following tips for protecting your eyes from summer sun damage:

• Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, especially from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. when it is at its strongest.
• Wear sunglasses in both summer and winter, when UV rays can be reflected off snowy or icy surfaces.
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat to shade your eyes from the sun.
• When using sunscreen, remember to liberally apply it to your eyelids and areas surrounding your eyes, making sure you don't get it in your eyes.

For maximum protection, Dr. Kuperwasser recommends wearing UV-rated sunglasses that block 99 percent to 100 percent of both ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B rays; making sure your glasses are rated to absorb up to "400 nm" of UV rays; and wearing wrap-around sunglasses that offer better protection by shielding the eyes from the sides.